“In 2017-18, a total of 27.7 per cent of Victorians were found to have moderate to severe periodontitis (gum disease), with more than 70 per cent of those aged over 75 years of age experiencing moderate to severe periodontitis compared to 10.2 per cent of 15-34 year olds”, from the Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, 2019 (link to reference page).
As a result, for elderly individuals, maintaining dental health is crucial not only for preserving a bright smile but also for overall health and well-being. Below are some of the most common teeth and gum problems faced by older adults and the importance of addressing them promptly.
Gum Disease (Periodontal Disease)
Gum disease is a major concern for the elderly. It often starts with gingivitis, where gums become red, swollen and bleed easily. If left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, where the gums pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that can become infected. This can lead to tooth loss if not managed properly. Good oral hygiene practices, along with professional cleanings, are key in preventing and treating gum disease.
Tooth Decay
Tooth decay remains a prevalent issue in older adults. While cavities may seem like a concern only for children, seniors are often prone to tooth decay, particularly in areas around old fillings and at the base of the teeth where gums have receded. Receding gums expose the tooth root, making it more susceptible to decay. Regular dental check-ups, proper brushing and fluoride treatments can help reduce the risk of cavities.
Dry Mouth (Xerostomia)
Dry mouth, or xerostomia, is a common issue among older adults, often due to medications or certain health conditions. A lack of saliva can contribute to difficulties in swallowing, speaking and an increased risk of cavities since saliva plays a crucial role in neutralising acids and washing away food particles. Drinking water regularly, using sugar-free lozenges and discussing alternatives to medications with a healthcare provider can alleviate dry mouth.
Tooth Sensitivity
As gums recede, more of the tooth’s root becomes exposed, which can cause sensitivity to hot or cold foods and drinks. This sensitivity may be uncomfortable and can be a sign of other underlying dental problems. Special toothpaste for sensitive teeth, fluoride treatments and avoiding extreme temperatures in food can help manage this condition.
Tooth Loss
Tooth loss is another significant issue in elderly populations. Whether due to gum disease, tooth decay, or injury, missing teeth can affect speech, chewing and overall nutrition. Dental implants, bridges and dentures offer solutions for those who have experienced tooth loss, helping restore function and quality of life.
Taking preventive steps and maintaining a regular dental care routine are vital for addressing these common problems in elderly individuals. Regular dental check-ups, good oral hygiene and a healthy diet can significantly improve dental health in old age.
